Sunday, May 10, 2015

उपनिषद् कथा -नाचिकेता


                    glrs]tf
                               c?0fs'df/ ;'j]bL

s7f]klgifb\df wd{/fh od / glrs]tf aLrsf] ;+jfb Hofb} k|l;4 5 . uf}td j+zLo /fhf pb\bfnsn] ljZjhLt o1 x]t' bfg lbg] qmddf cfkm\gf lszf]/ k'q glrs]tfnfO{ od ;fd' ;dk{0f ug{ odnf]s k7fpF5g\ . glrs]tf odk'/Ldf k'Ubf od aflx/ uPsf x'G5g\ . tLg lbgkl5 dfq od kms{G5g\ tL tLg lbgx? glrs]tfn] odk'/Ldf s;/L ljtfP ;f] af/] sNkgf ul/P/ of] syf n]lvPsf] 5 . oxfF pNn]lvt dGqx? s7f]klgifb\s} 5g\ / t/ sltko kbx? syfsf] k|jfx cg'?k kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5– n]vs
d[b+u, 3+6 OToflb afhfx?sf] t'd'n WjgL aLr lszf]/ glrs]tfsf] u+eL/ k|s[lt stf–stf 8UdufP h:tf] x'G5 . ev{/ dfq cfkm\gf lktf pb\bfnssf] qmf]wk"0f{ cfb]zsf s/f0fn] d[To'b]j ;fd' 5f8\g cfPsf ;}lgsx? aLrsf] cfkm\gf] ljido Pj+ ljeT; cg'e"lt lgd]if e/d} kl/jt{g ePs]fdf glrs]tf cfZro{ rlst x'G5g\ . glrs]tf dgdg} k|Zg ub{5g\– v} odk'/Lsf] Tof] ljeT; b[Zo < v} lrqu'Ktsf] wd{cwd{ n]vfsf] zef < v} wd{zefsf ;j{b08gfos wd{/fh < v} tL eoª\s/ odb"tx? M v} tL tfTtftf] t]nsf s/fO{x? < v} tL xTofdf pT;'s od cf1fkfnsx? < ljNs'n zfGt cfkm\gf] sNkgfsf] ljkl/t, nf]ssf] l6Kk0fLsf] ljkl/t . glrs]tfnfO{ k/af6 jL0ffsf] dGb WjgLn] 8fs] em}+ nfUof], dgnfO{ t/+ uLt kfg]{, k'nlst kfg]{, em+s['t kfg]{ emgf{sf] lgd{n k|fs[t ufgem}+ k|tLt x'g] jftfj/0f, xhf/f}+ km"nx?sf] k'ik k/fun] ;'ulGwt, dGb zLtn xfjf . ;+If]kdf dGb / zfGt odnf]s . o:tf] jftfj/0fdf lgDfUg glrs]tfsf] sfgdf ld7f] Crf u'~hG5–
gd:t]˜:t' a|XdG:jl:td]˜:t' .
-x] a|fDx0f Û ltdL gd:sf/ ug{ of]Uo cltly xf}+, ltdLnfO{ gd:sf/ 5 . dnfO{ sNof0f xcf];\ ._
kfZj{ WjgLn] ;+j]bgzLnem}+ ePsf glrs]tf k5f8L kms{G5g\ . ToxfF cToGt sfnf] j0f{sf] 7"N7"nf rlDsnf cfFvf ePsf], nfdf] h6f ePsf] xftdf v'F8f lnPsf], h'Fufd'7], d':t08] odb"t b08jtsf] d'b|fdf plePsf] lyof] . o:tf] eo+s/ s7f]/ agfj6 ePsf] odb"t / of] ljgolzntf cfkm}+df lj/f]wfefifk"0f{ nflu/x]Yof] glrs]tfnfO{ . o:tf ljkl/t l:yltsf] ;+uddf dflg; csd{0o x'G5 . glrs]tf klg csd{0o lyP . k'gM cb\e"t odb"tn] ljgozLn eP/ cg'/f]w u¥of]–
…x] zfGt ;+sNk Û x] ;'dg Û x] a|fXd0f Û odnf]sflwklt, ;j{b08gfos :jfdL od/fhsL dxf/fgL ;fd|f1L odLsf] b[9 OR5f 5 tkfO{h:tf] ;'sf]d'n lszf]/ od k|f;fbsf] cltly agL pxfFsf] ;fd' hfg ;Sg' x'g]5 .
;'j0f{do odk|f|;fb x/]s 9f]sfdf iff]9ifL ;'Gb/Lsf] kx/fn] zf]efodfg 5 . s]jn od dof{bf kfnsx? df q eo+s/ sfo :j?k ePsf 5g\ . odk|f;fbsf] hlt leq 3':b} uP glrs]tf odkf|;fb TolQs} ;'Gb/ b]lvg yfNof] . lszf]/ glrs]tf od cK;/fsf] k]|dk"0f{ :jfutn] ;+sf]lrt x'Fb} odb"tsf] kl5 nflu/x]y] . cgfofz ;'Gb/ ;'dw'/ :qLZj/ u'l~hof]–
…;j{b08gfos k'/sL k/d;'Gb/L, ;'nIf0ff, ;'sf]dnf sfldgL :j?k ;fd|f1L odLsf] OR5f cg';f/ k/d zlQmzfnL ;d|f6 odb]jsf bz{gflenfifL uf}td jl+zo glrs]tf zefsIfdf pkl:yt 5g\
cufl8 k5fl8 bfofF afofF od cK;/fx?af6 3]l/P/ od ;fd|f1L odL cfkm\gf] sIfaf6 zefsIf cfOg\ . lqnf]s Pj+ rf}w e'jgsf ;j{b08gfos dxfzlQmzfnL od/fhsL wd{kTgL odLsf ;fd' Ps lh1fz' lszf]/sf] ?kdf glrs]tf plePsf lyP . s'g} k"j{ ;'rgf / cf1fljgf g} s]jn lktfsf] cf1fn] odk'/Ldf k'u]sf glrs]tf lsdst{Joljd"9 lyP . h;/L cfkm\gf] sN kgfsf] ljkl/t b[Zosf] lyof] odk'/L To:t} Jojxf/ ljkl/tsf] s7f]/ ;hfo klg x'g;S5 eGg] ;+zon] pgL eoeLt lyP / s'g} cg'go ljgf ;fd|f1Lsf] clftYo k|:tfjaf6 xlif{t klg lyP . hfF3 / pWj{efusf] ;'Gb/tfsf] k|bz{gdf cToGt ;xfos x'g] ;'j0f{ hl8t kf/bzL{ cwf] j:q Pj+ ;f]xL cg';f/                    sf] p/ j:q wf/0f u/]sL, ;'uGwo'Qm e} cfkm\g} xftdf k|sfzdl0f af]s]/ Gofo ;fd|f1L odL pkl:yt  ePsf] b]v]/ glrs]tf lh1fzf / eo ldl>t efjn] k|Zg ub{5g\–
o] o] sfdf b'n{ef cGonf]s]
;jf{Gsfdf+Z5GbtM nEoOlt .
Odf /fdfM ;/yfM dg'io}M .
cfleTj{Tk|QfleM kl/rf/o:j
ef] ;fd|f1L z]if ls+ dfg'k|fIfLM ..
-h'gh'g sfd cGonf]sx?df b'n{e 5g\ tL ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? OR5f cg';f/ kfO;s]F . /yx? ;lxt afhfufhf ;lxt oL ;'Gb/Lx? hf] ;fy nufO{ lbg'eof] To:tf /d0fLx? dg'ion] kfpg ;Sg] g} lyPgg\  tkfO{n] pknAw u/fPsf /d0fLx?af6 ;]jf klg u/fPF x] ;fd|f1L ca z]if s]xL g;f]Wg'xf];\ ._
odL glrs]tfsf] zog :yndf g} uP/ b'O{ 3'F8f df/]/ a:bl5g\ . sfdf]Q]hs /fqLj:qn] ;lhPsL, sfdjw{s ;'uGwn] dUdufpFb} ;fIfft sfldgL :j?k odL dl0fsf] k|sfzdf wkSs an]sL lyOg\ . tLj| /Qm ;~rf/n] /lQmd b]lvPsf] d'vd08n / s+lkt :j/df cfkm\gf cltly   glrs]tfnfO{ cg'go ul/g\–
sfdgf Tj sf def h s/f]ld .
-ltdLnfO{ sfdnfO{ oy]i6 ef]Ug ;Sg] agfOlbG5' ._
cfkm\gf] pd]/ k"0f{jodf k|j]z gul/;s]sf glrs]tf x8\a9fpFb5 . lqnf]ssf Gofoflwklt ;j{b08gfos wd{[/fhsL kTgL;Fu sfd ;DaGw cfkm}+df eok"0f{ sfo{ xf] . To; dfly bf;Tj :jLsfg{nfO{ cfPsf glrs]tf of] cj:yfdf cfP/ Pj+ od/fh kTgL;u ;DaGw /fVg cu|;/ x'g' tKts'08df rf]klng' kg]{ ;hfonfO{ j/0f ug'{ lyof] . glrs]tf o:tf] 3f]/ ck/fw ug{ s'g} zt{df tof/ ePgg\ . o;y{ eou|:t eP/ eGbf eP–
;j]{lGb|of0f{ h/olGt t]hM .
-OlGb|iox?sf] cfzlQmn] tkfO{df ePsf] zlQm gi6 ub{5_
cfkm\gf OlGb|ox? / dgn] ;lxt ef]usf lgldQ sfd kfqsf ?kdf lnO;s]sf lszf]/ glrs]tfdf cfkm\gf] sfd"s cleJolQm / efje+uLn] c;/ kfg{ g;s]sf] / pgdf eo hfu[t  ePsf] kfP/ cfkm\gf] k|oTg odL c? cufl8 a9fpFl5g\ .
x] uf}td Û o; nf]sdf s]jn b'O{ dfq ;'Gb/ k'?ifx? 5g\ . tL dWo] Ps d]/f kltb]j wd{/fh x'g'x'G5 eg] csf{ x'g'x'G5 dxfdGqL lrqu'Kt . dxfdGqL lrqu'Kt;Fu sfdj/0f odnf]ssf] cg'zf;g / dof{bfsf] ljklt 5 . ;a} ;'Gb/ k'?if sfd ef]Ug of]Uo klg x'Fb}gg\ . lrqu'Kt st{Josf] Wofgdf k'?ifTj ljd'v eO;s]sf 5g\ . d]/f kltb]j klg sfo{ Jo:ttfn] nf]sf6g ul//xg' x'G5 . odb"tx? / bf;x? ?k/+u g} k/]sf 5}gg\ . x] s'df/ Û clxn] wd{/fh a|Xdnf]s hfg'ePsf] 5 . d cfh} dfq Ct':gfg u/]sL :qL x'F . o; cj:yfdf d s;/L k'?ifef]u gul//xg ;Sb5' < zf:qLo dfGotf cg';f/ klg Ct':gfg u/]sL :qLn] ;j{k|yd b[li6df k/]sf] k'?if;Fu sfd;'v lng]k"0f{ 5'6 5 . Ps lsl;dn] of] :qL clwsf/ klg xf] . d}n] Ct':gfg ;Sgf;fy d]/f] b[li6df k/]sf] k'?if ltdL g] xf}+ . o; sf/0f dnfO{ :qL ;'v k|bfg ug'{ ltd|f] st{Jo klg xf] . x] sdgLo k'?if . alni6 xf}+, OlGb|ox?df t]h cfh{g u/, d df blGsPsf] sfdflUgsf] HjfnfnfO{ t[Kt u/, ltdLnfO{ odåf/f oy]R5 j/bfg lbnfpg]5' . d]/f] j:qx? km'sflnb]pm d]/f] dfbstfdf r'n'{Dd 8'a . odLsf 7"N7"Nff gogx? qmdzM v'lDrb} uP p5\jf; a9g\ uof] :j/ c? slDkt x'Fb} uof] . x] dfGoj/ Û d]/f x/]s c+usf] sfd pl2UgtfnfO{ zfGt kfl/lbpm .
odLsf] ofrgfaf6 9NknfPsf glrs]tf k'gMcg'/f]w ub{5g\– sfdflUgdf k|Hjlnt ePsL b]jL Û sfdIf'wfsf] ct[lKt / Ps k'?ifsf] c:jLs[ltsf] sf/0f pTkGg x'g;Sg] qmf]wfgnsf] af/]df d ;r]t 5' t/ d o; odk'/Lsf] cg'zf;g;Fu cgle1 5' . tkfO{ h:tf] >4]o :qLnfO{ d s;/L ef]u ug{ ;S5' < clxn];Dd d s'g} :qLsf] sfddf klg cfPsf] 5}g, o;y{ x] ;fd|f1L dnfO{ wd{;+s6df gkfg'{xf];\ . ef]udf od/fhsf] qmf]wfgnn] eid kfg{ ;Sg] / oxfFsf] cf1f pNn+3gdf ;fd|f1Lsf] qmf]wflUgdf eid x'g'kg]{ of] s:tf] cj:yf xf] < glrs]tf odL ;fd' d'lQmsf] ofrgf ub{5g\ .
x] lszf]/, :qLsf] sfd clwsf/sf] af/]df ltdLnfO{ AofVof ul/;s]F . ltdL bf;Tj u|x0f ug{ cfPsf xf} +                                            eg] klg d]/f] of}gbf; aGg'k5{ . of] ltdLnfO{ ;fd|f1Lsf] cf1f xf] . ltdLn] dnfO{ ef]u ug]{ . lszf]/ ltd|f] sfd's z/L/sf] ef]usf lgldQ d cToGt OR5's 5' . odk'/Ldf cfPsf P] pb\bfns k'q Û odLsf] cf1f kfng ug'{ ltd|f] k/d st{Jo xf] . o;y{ d]/f j:q cfe'if0fx? km'sflnlbP/ x/]s c+unfO{ t[Kt kf/L b]pm .
od ;fd|f1Lsf] cfb]zfTds jrg ;'g]/ cem klg odLsf] sfd af;gf t[lKtsf nflu tof/ gePsf glrs]tf cg'/f]w ub{5g\–
; TjdlUgF :ju{dWo]lif cfof{
k|j]lx Tjd >bwfgfos dWod\ .

x] cfof{ . Tof] :juf{g'e"lt lbg] clUgnfO{ /fd|/L hfGg' x'G5 . d h:tf] >4fn'nfO{ /fd|/L a'emfpg' xf];\ . dnfO{ sfdsf] dlxdf /fd|f/L 1fg ePg . o;af6 k|fKt x'g] zlQmsf] /x:o yfxf ePg . o;y{ d}n] af6f] lj/fP klg ;Demfpg' xf];\ .
cfkm\gf] ;dLk sfdt[lKtsf] lgs6 k'u]sL ;fd|f1L odLn] lszf]/ glrs]tfnfO{ sfdsf] dlxdf ;DemfOg\–
k| t]+ a|aLld tb' d] lgaf]w
:jUo{dlUg+ glrs]t M k|hfgg\ .
cgGtnf]sflKtdwf] k|lti7f+
ljl4 :jd]t+ lglxt+ u[xfofd\ ..
x] glrs]tf Û :ju{ k|fKt u/fpg] clUgnfO{ d /fd/L hfGb'5 / ltdLnfO{ /fd|} u/L atfpF5' . Tof] daf6 hfg . ltdL of] clUgnfO{ :ju{nf]s k|fKt ;fwgsf] ?kdf a'em . oxL g} u'Xo s'/f xf] .
sfdflUgsf] hfu/0f /    t[lKtsf] ljbof glrs]tfn] k"0f{?kdf odk'/L ;fd|f1L odLaf6 k|fKt u/] . lszf]/ glrs]tfsf ;fysf] sfdo1af6 ;fd|f1L cToGt k|;Gg eOg\ . sfd ljlw / k|ljlwnfO{ glrs]tfn] ltI0ftfsf ;fy u|x0f u/] . tLg lbg;Dd ;fd|f1L odL;Fusf] clj:d/0fLo qmL8faf6 clt cg'u|lxt eP/ glrs]tfn] eg]–
zf]sflutf] df]bt] :ju{nf]s] .
-zf]sflbaf6 d'Qm eP/ :ju{nf]ssf ] cfgGb dxz'; u/]F_
glrs]tfaf6 clt k|;Gg ;fd|f1L odLn] cfkm\gf] klt b08flwsf/L od/fh cfpgfy uf}tdj+|zLo pb\bfns k'q /fhs'df/ glrs]tfaf6 cfkm\gf] Ct':gfg kl5sf] sfdflUgnfO{ s'zntfk"j{s t[Kt u/]sf] x'Fbf pgnfO{ oy]i6 j/ lbgsf] nflu cg'/f]w ul/g\ . j|Xdnf]ssf] sfo{ ofqfaf6 tLg lbgkl5 dfq odk'/L kmls{Psf wd{/fhn] cfkm\gf] cg'kl:yltdf cfkm\gL  ;fd|f1Lsf] sfdfgnnfO{ ;+t[Kt kfl/lbPsfdf glrs]tfk|lt s[t1tf JoQm ub}{ eg]–
ltd|f] /flqo{jhfT;LM u[x] d]
k|;Gg  a|XdGgltlyg{d:oM .
gd:t]˜:t' j|Xdg\ :jl:t d]˜:t'
t:dfg\ k|lt qLGj/fg\ j[hLij ..
-a|fXd0f b]j ltdL gd:sf/ ug{ of]Uo cltly xf}+, ltdLnfO{ gd:sf/ 5 . d]/f] sNof0f xf];\ . ltdL hf] d]/f 3/df tLg /ft;Dd k|zGg lrQn] a:of}+ To;sf/0f x/]s /ftsf] Pp6f b/n] j/ dfu ._
od/fhsf] syg ;'g]/ glrs]tfn] cfkm"nfO{ odbf; agfpg k7fpg] lktf pb\bfnssf lgldQ lkt[kl/tf]ifsf] k|yd j/dfu] eg ] clUg -zlQm_ ljwf / a|Xd1fgsf c? b'O{ j6f j/ dfuL ljåfg eP/ k'gM cfkm\g} /fhkf|;fbdf kmls{P .


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